2020年05月21日
胰島素可能是非常重要的!在什么情況下使用胰島素的糖尿病?
胰島素是人體胰腺內的胰島β細胞可以產生的一種環境激素類物質，作用具有極其重要廣泛，其中對糖代謝的作用主要就是通過降血糖。人體內不斷升高導致血糖的激素有好幾種，而降低血糖的激素就只有胰島素作為一種。
看，胰島素對人體血糖的穩定有多重要!! 是維持生命活動不可缺少的物質，即人的生命離不開胰島素!! 糖尿病是由胰島素分泌不足和/或體內增加血糖的作用不足引起的，導致各種急性和慢性並發症。
身體產生自己的胰島素，稱為內源性胰島素，用於治療糖尿病的胰島素是外源性胰島素。 第一代是動物胰島素，主要是豬胰島素，由於其免疫反應，現在很少使用; 第二代是人胰島素，其結構與人體自身產生的胰島素相同; 第三代是人胰島素，由胰島素類似物產生，更適合人體的生理需要。 目前，人胰島素及其類似物被廣泛應用。
以往，餐後血糖升幅較大的患者可能會每餐於餐前注射胰島素，以控制該餐所致的血糖波幅。
因此，它是在什么情況下啟用胰島素?
1型糖尿病，必須進行終生學習使用胰島素。
2型糖尿病在下列情況下，胰島素：
糖尿病管理出現一種急性嚴重並發症時，如糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高滲性高血糖水平狀態等。
當糖尿病出現嚴重的慢性並發症時，如嚴重的眼底病、糖尿病腎病、糖尿病神經病變、糖尿病足等。
糖尿病發生在急性應激狀態，如急性嚴重感染、急性腦血管疾病、創傷、大手術等。
飲食、運動和口服降糖治療仍未能達到控制血糖的目標。
某些初發糖尿病患者，症狀具有明顯，血糖過高，可以通過先用胰島素強化治療一段發展時間，有利於企業改善胰島β細胞系統功能。
傳統的混合胰島素針劑是混合長效和速效胰島素以減少打針次數，但因為這類藥物的胰島素比率是固定的，用家需要小心計算碳水化合物攝取量，否則容易會引起血糖過低，甚至體重上升這類副作用。
懷孕，哺乳期，需要胰島素治療期間妊娠糖尿病。
繼發性糖尿病。
需要我們注意的是，胰島素進行治療成功與否，啟用時機，治療研究方案的選擇，治療發展過程的監測，藥量的調整企業以及學生後續工作方案的酌情調整，還有胰島素注射技巧，注意事項等等，均需要一個專科醫生的指導，建議具有一定要去內分泌、糖尿病專科就診!
相關文章：
糖尿病的防治技術措施是怎樣的?麻煩我們謹記這3點，積極進行應對
2020年05月12日
The best way to flatten the sensor interface
Compared to traditional analog architectures and methodologies, the look turnaround time for these novel sensor interfaces is lowered from months to hours. The drastic reduction within the layout energy is extremely helpful in cost-sensitive silicon programs, such as sensors for your Online of Matters (IoT). The novel knowledge converter architecture also has pretty reduced complexity, cutting down the silicon place and hence the manufacturing charge by not less than 30 instances, in comparison with typical layouts.
This kind of novel details converters also show the unparalleled functionality of gracefully degrading the signal fidelity when its provide voltage or clock frequency practical experience broad fluctuations. This kind of fluctuations are prevalent in energy-harvested IoT sensors, getting the electricity harvested through the surrounding ecosystem (e.g., photo voltaic mobile) is extremely erratic. Consequently, this enables uninterrupted sensor signal monitoring even less than unfavourable harvested electric power disorders, and without having voltage regulation. As a substitute, traditional knowledge converters go through from catastrophic resolution degradation in the event the offer voltage is beneath its bare minimum rated value Vmin (or even the frequency exceeds its most rated worth) that's why needing power-hungry circuits for voltage and frequency regulation.
The exploration was executed in collaboration with Affiliate Professor Paolo Crovetti from the Politecnico di Torino in Italy, and it is supported because of the Singapore Ministry of Schooling and also the EU Fee.
Smaller sized sensor interfaces, less complicated and speedier to style
"Our study transforms the ordinarily analog and mostly-manual layout of information converters into fully-automated electronic style and design, minimizing the silicon space by an get of magnitude and the layout time by two orders of magnitude, allowing for semiconductor organizations to be cost-competitive whilst reaching markets more rapidly," reported the crew chief Affiliate Professor Massimo Alioto, that's from your Office of Electrical and Laptop Engineering within the NUS Faculty of Engineering.
He added, "Being digital, our sensor interfaces are simply ported across manufacturing systems and programs, and might be immersed in electronic circuits in order to avoid the normal effort expected by their integration to the exact silicon chip."
The NUS staff demonstrated the concept as a result of various silicon chips employing both DACs and ADCs with incredibly very low spot. As an illustration, a 12-bit DAC produced in 40nm conventional CMOS technology has become demonstrated by having an region equivalent to your diameter of a strand of human hair. Its inherent amenability for technological innovation scaling would make it shrink by somewhere around a different 32 moments when implemented from the at this time greatest know-how (7 nm).
Within the same time, the NUS invention has long been demonstrated to enable details converters with high resolutions (nearly 16 bits), even though acquiring design simplicity and compactness.
Workforce member Dr Orazio Aiello, that is a viewing investigate fellow for the Division, explained, "Our workforce has introduced a whole new style and design paradigm that pushes us closer to the ultimate eyesight of cheap, technology-scalable and ultra-compact IoT products."
Unprecedented robustness provides added positive aspects with the process amount
The NUS innovation even further simplifies integrated technique style, leveraging the unparalleled power to endure very sizeable voltage and frequency fluctuations, consequently enjoyable the precision specifications in voltage and frequency technology.
In truth, traditional information converters operating in a offer voltage beneath its bare minimum rated price (or excessive clock frequency) experiences catastrophic failure, and hence fails to carry out its intended purpose. On the contrary, the progressive information converters invented because of the NUS workforce exhibit sleek degradation with the resolution and signal fidelity when supply voltage or clock frequency exceeds its permitted selection. Being an instance, a DAC made for 1 V was shown to properly work at half this voltage, whilst degrading its resolution by only one bit when the supply voltage is diminished by a substantial 0.3V.
Assoc Prof Alioto claimed, "The ability of having swish resolution degradation beneath voltage and frequency overscaling suppresses the necessity for complicated circuit remedies that precisely control the supply voltage as well as the clock frequency getting utilised by knowledge converters. Basically, our details converters are simpler to design, and also simplify the technique that they are utilized in."
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Future steps
The crew is presently working on the novel paradigm that turns customarily analog and design-intensive silicon sub-systems into electronic regular cell-based types which are supported by fully-automated design flows, pushing the boundary of classical digitally-assisted style and design. This study analyze requires quite a few essential sub-systems including amplifiers, oscillators, voltage and present-day references, and a lot of other folks.
The investigate group aims to rework the best way built-in techniques are created, enabling ultra-rapid, ultra-compact and technology-portable structure of entire units.
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